format (MATLAB Functions)

Set display format for output

Graphical Interface

As an alternative to format, use preferences. Select Preferences from the File menu in the MATLAB desktop and use Command Window preferences.

Syntax

```
format
format type
format('type')
```

Description

Use the format function to control the output format of numeric values displayed in the Command Window.

Note The format function affects only how numbers are displayed, not how MATLAB computes or saves them.

format by itself, changes the output format to the default appropriate for the class of the variable currently being used. For floating-point variables, for example, the default is format short (i.e., 5-digit scaled, fixed-point values).

format type changes the format to the specified type. The tables shown below list the allowable values for type.

format('type') is the function form of the syntax.

The tables below show the allowable values for type, and provides an example for each type using pi.

Use these format types to switch between different output display formats for floating-point variables.

Type
Result
Example

short
Scaled fixed point format, with 5 digits
3.1416

long
Scaled fixed point format, with 15 digits for double; 7 digits for single.
3.14159265358979

short e
Floating point format, with 5 digits.
3.1416e+000

long e
Floating point format, with 15 digits for double; 7 digits for single.
3.141592653589793e+000

short g
Best of fixed or floating point, with 5 digits.
3.1416

long g
Best of fixed or floating point, with 15 digits for double; 7 digits for single.
3.14159265358979

short eng
Engineering format that has at least 5 digits and a power that is a multiple of three
3.1416e+000

long eng
Engineering format that has exactly 16 significant digits and a power that is a multiple of three
3.14159265358979e+000

Type	Result	Example
`short`	Scaled fixed point format, with 5 digits	`3.1416`
`long`	Scaled fixed point format, with 15 digits for double; 7 digits for single.	`3.14159265358979`
`short e`	Floating point format, with 5 digits.	`3.1416e+000`
`long e`	Floating point format, with 15 digits for double; 7 digits for single.	`3.141592653589793e+000`
`short g`	Best of fixed or floating point, with 5 digits.	`3.1416`
`long g`	Best of fixed or floating point, with 15 digits for double; 7 digits for single.	`3.14159265358979`
`short eng`	Engineering format that has at least 5 digits and a power that is a multiple of three	`3.1416e+000`
`long eng`	Engineering format that has exactly 16 significant digits and a power that is a multiple of three	`3.14159265358979e+000`

Use these format types to switch between different output display formats for all numeric variables.

Value for type
Result
Example

+
+, -, blank
+

bank
Fixed dollars and cents
3.14

hex
Hexadecimal (hexadecimal representation of a binary double-precision number)
400921fb54442d18

rat
Ratio of small integers
355/113

Value for type	Result	Example
`+`	+, -, blank	`+`
`bank`	Fixed dollars and cents	`3.14`
`hex`	Hexadecimal (hexadecimal representation of a binary double-precision number)	`400921fb54442d18`
`rat`	Ratio of small integers	`355/113`

Use these format types to used to affect the spacing in the display of all variables.

Value for type
Result
Example

compact
Suppresses excess line feeds to show more output in a single screen. Contrast with loose.
theta = pi/2
theta=
1.5708

loose
Adds linefeeds to make output more readable. Contrast with compact.
theta = pi/2

theta=

1.5708

Value for type	Result	Example
`compact`	Suppresses excess line feeds to show more output in a single screen. Contrast with `loose`.	`theta = pi/2` `theta=` `1.5708`
`loose`	Adds linefeeds to make output more readable. Contrast with `compact`.	`theta = pi/2` `theta=` `1.5708`

Remarks

Computations on floating-point variables, namely single or double, are done in appropriate floating-point precision, no matter how those variables are displayed. Computations on integer variables are done natively in integer.

MATLAB always displays integer variables to the appropriate number of digits for the class. For example, MATLAB uses three digits to display numbers of type int8 (i.e., -128:127). Setting format to short or long does not affect the display of integer variables.

The specified format applies only to the current MATLAB session. To maintain a format across sessions, use MATLAB preferences.

To see which type is currently in use, type

```
get(0,'Format')
```

To see if compact or loose formatting is currently selected, type

```
get(0,'FormatSpacing').
```

Examples

Example 1

Change the format to long by typing

```
format long
```

View the result for the value of pi by typing

```
pi
ans =
   3.14159265358979
```

View the current format by typing

```
get(0,'format')
ans =
   long
```

Set the format to short e by typing

```
format short e
```

or use the function form of the syntax

```
format('short','e')
```

Example 2

When the format is set to short, both pi and single(pi) display as 5-digit values:

format short

pi
ans =
    3.1416

single(pi)
ans =
    3.1416

Now set format to long, and pi displays a 15-digit value while single(pi) display an 8-digit value:

format long

pi
ans =
    3.14159265358979

single(pi)
ans =
    3.1415927

Example 3

Set the format to its default, and display the maximum values for integers and real numbers in MATLAB:

format

intmax('uint64')
ans =
   18446744073709551615

realmax
ans =
  1.7977e+308

Now change the format to hexadecimal, and display these same values:

format hex

intmax('uint64')
ans =
   ffffffffffffffff

realmax
ans =
   7fefffffffffffff

The hexadecimal display corresponds to the internal representation of the value. It is not the same as the hexadecimal notation in the C programming language.

Example 4

This example illustrates the short eng and long eng formats. The value assigned to variable A increases by a multiple of 10 each time through the for loop.

A = 5.123456789;

for k=1:10
   disp(A)
   A = A * 10;
end

The values displayed for A are shown here. The power of 10 is always a multiple of 3. The value itself is expressed in 5 or more digits for the short eng format, and in exactly 15 digits for long eng:

  format short eng                format long eng

     5.1235e+000                5.12345678900000e+000
    51.2346e+000               51.2345678900000e+000
   512.3457e+000              512.345678900000e+000
     5.1235e+003                5.12345678900000e+003
    51.2346e+003               51.2345678900000e+003
   512.3457e+003              512.345678900000e+003
     5.1235e+006                5.12345678900000e+006
    51.2346e+006               51.2345678900000e+006
   512.3457e+006              512.345678900000e+006
     5.1235e+009                5.12345678900000e+009

Algorithms

If the largest element of a matrix is larger than 10³ or smaller than 10^-3, MATLAB applies a common scale factor for the short and long formats. The function format + displays +, -, and blank characters for positive, negative, and zero elements. format hex displays the hexadecimal representation of a binary double-precision number. format rat uses a continued fraction algorithm to approximate floating-point values by ratios of small integers. See rat.m for the complete code.

See Also

disp, display, isnumeric, isfloat, isinteger, floor, sprintf, fprintf, num2str, rat, spy

for fplot