angle (MATLAB Functions)

MATLAB Function Reference

angle

Phase angle

Syntax

```
P = angle(Z)
```

Description

P = angle(Z) returns the phase angles, in radians, for each element of complex array Z. The angles lie between .

For complex Z, the magnitude R and phase angle theta are given by

```
R = abs(Z)
theta = angle(Z)
```

and the statement

```
Z = R.*exp(i*theta)
```

converts back to the original complex Z.

Examples

Z = [ 1 - 1i   2 + 1i   3 - 1i   4 + 1i
      1 + 2i   2 - 2i   3 + 2i   4 - 2i
      1 - 3i   2 + 3i   3 - 3i   4 + 3i
      1 + 4i   2 - 4i   3 + 4i   4 - 4i ]

P = angle(Z)

P =
   -0.7854    0.4636   -0.3218    0.2450
    1.1071   -0.7854    0.5880   -0.4636
   -1.2490    0.9828   -0.7854    0.6435
    1.3258   -1.1071    0.9273   -0.7854

Algorithm

The angle function can be expressed as angle(z) = imag(log(z)) = atan2(imag(z),real(z)).

See Also

abs, atan2, unwrap

and annotation