czt (Signal Processing Toolbox)

Chirp z-transform

Syntax

```
y = czt(x,m,w,a)
y = czt(x)
```

Description

y = czt(x,m,w,a) returns the chirp z-transform of signal x. The chirp z-transform is the z-transform of x along a spiral contour defined by w and a. m is a scalar that specifies the length of the transform, w is the ratio between points along the z-plane spiral contour of interest, and scalar a is the complex starting point on that contour. The contour, a spiral or "chirp" in the z-plane, is given by

```
z = a*(w.^-(0:m-1))
```

y = czt(x) uses the following default values:

m = length(x)
w = exp(-j*2*pi/m)
a = 1

With these defaults, czt returns the z-transform of x at m equally spaced points around the unit circle. This is equivalent to the discrete Fourier transform of x, or fft(x). The empty matrix [] specifies the default value for a parameter.

If x is a matrix, czt(x,m,w,a) transforms the columns of x.

Examples

Create a random vector x of length 1013 and compute its DFT using czt:

randn('state',0);
x = randn(1013,1);
y = czt(x);

Use czt to zoom in on a narrow-band section (100 to 150 Hz) of a filter's frequency response. First design the filter:

h = fir1(30,125/500,rectwin(31)); % filter

Establish frequency and CZT parameters:

fs = 1000; f1 = 100; f2 = 150;  % in hertz
m = 1024;
w = exp(-j*2*pi*(f2-f1)/(m*fs));
a = exp(j*2*pi*f1/fs);

Compute both the DFT and CZT of the filter:

```
y = fft(h,1000);
z = czt(h,m,w,a);
```

Create frequency vectors and compare the results:

fy = (0:length(y)-1)'*1000/length(y); 
fz = ((0:length(z)-1)'*(f2-f1)/length(z)) + f1;
plot(fy(1:500),abs(y(1:500))); axis([1 500 0 1.2])
title('FFT')
figure
plot(fz,abs(z)); axis([f1 f2 0 1.2])
title('CZT')

Algorithm

czt uses the next power-of-2 length FFT to perform a fast convolution when computing the z-transform on a specified chirp contour [1].

Diagnostics

If m, w, or a is not a scalar, czt gives the following error message:

```
Inputs M, W, and A must be scalars.
```

See Also

fft, freqz

References

[1] Rabiner, L.R., and B. Gold. Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1975. Pgs. 393-399.

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